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simple machines

THE PRINCIPLE OF THE LEVER

The trunk of the tree acts as a lever. This is simply a bar that swings on a pivot or fulcrum. If you apply a force that pushes or pulls on a lever point, it oscillates about the fulcrum to exert a useful action on another point. The force applied, called power (counter), can lift a weight, or overcome a resistance. Both are called load.

The point at which you move the lever is as important as power is applied. Power (counter) under the same load can be moved, if applied more remote fulcrum. That is, the power must move a greater distance to balance the load.
is essential to take into account the distance between the load or counterweight and the fulcrum.

POINT SUPPORT CENTER

load and counterweight are equidistant from the fulcrum. Here, two forces are equal and both ends oscillate with equal intensity to find the balance.

SUPPORT POINT OFFSET

The counterweight is twice as far from the fulcrum than the load. Although the counter only half the weight, exercises twice the force that the load

LEVERS OF FIRST DEGREE

There are basically three types of levers, 1 st grade are the fulcrum always located between the load and strength to be printed from the opposite end.

If the counterweight (power) are at a distance of about double the support between the load (resistance) and here (diagram above) shows that half of counterweight needed to lift the load ( example, weight of furniture. And if the distance between the counterweight (power) and the fulcrum was three times greater than the distance between the point and the load, only need one third of the counterweight, and so on, as the lever increases the amount of force applied on it.

The object is the load weight, and counterweights to balance the force carried out the mechanism. Both weights are equal and are at the same distance.

The fulcrum is the center and the weight shifts to the bar until it balances the object to be weighed.

force by the operator increases to remove the nail. The load is the resistance of the nail to be extracted

Pliers are a combined lever (a pair of levers attached to the fulcrum). The load resistance is opposed to closing the object tool

Just tilt the trolley poles to carry a heavy load with little effort.

Scissors are Levers combined first grade. On a strong shearing action near the fulcrum. The load is the resistance of material to the cutting action of the blades of scissors.





SECOND GRADE LEVERS

By raising the poles is possible to lift a heavy load that is closer to the fulcrum, the wheel.

By lifting the handle, is overcome strong resistance from the top.

The Nutcracker is a combination of second-degree lever. The load is the resistance that opposes walnut shell to be broken.

THIRD GRADE LEVERS

The hammer acts as a lever of the third degree when used to drive a nail. The fulcrum of the wrist and the load is the resistance of the wood. The hammer head is moving faster than the hand to strike.

While one hand acts as a fulcrum, the other provides the force to move the rod. The load is the weight of the fish., Which can be raised high with a short-hand movement.

A pair of tweezers is a third grade composite handle. The effort exerted by the fingers is reduced at the ends of the clamp, which allows you to take aim





Leverage

The excavator is a three-lever rotating assembly (the box, mobile and bucket) mounted crawler. These three levers operated by hydraulic pistons that let you place the spoon in any position, are mounted on a platform







Clipper
The clippers are a clear combination of two levers that allow powerful cutting action and are easy to manipulate. The handle is a second-degree lever presses the two blades to join them. The leaves act with great force, and gives rise to a combination of levers of the third degree. The edges of the leaves make a short stroke to overcome the stiff resistance offered by the nail.

PULLEYS POWER PULLEY

For some people, climbing a ladder with a heavy load means no problem. However, for most of us it is easier to download something to upload.

only a rope and a wheel change can be arranged direction. Wheel is fixed to a support and passed a rope around the wheel to reach the load. Pulling from the other end of the rope, the load can be raised to the level where the pulley is fixed. The weight of the body of the person who throws it is a help. A wheel used in this way, it becomes a pulley, and the lift system that performs a simple crane.

simple pulleys are used in machines where you must change the direction of motion, such as a lift. Here, the upward movement of the cabin must be connected with the downward movement of a counterweight.

In an ideal pulley, the force applied to pull the rope equals the weight of the load. In practice, the force is always a little higher since it has to overcome the frictional force on the pulley wheel and lift the load.

Therefore, the friction reduces the efficiency of all machines.

DOUBLE PULLEY

is a double pulley system, the distance the load is half the length of the string collection. But by reducing the distance is doubled the force on the rope to pull and lift the load.

PULLEYS ATTACHED

So as you can change the direction of a force through a pulley, it can also be used to multiply a strength, like a lever. When connecting several pulley wheels gives a compound pulley, which allows a person to lift several times their own weight.

In a system of two pulleys, is attached to each load and another to support. The rope goes around the top pulley, down and around to the lower pulley and then goes back to the top pulley, where it is fixed. Pulley moves less freely, and when you pull the rope load rises. The pulley system makes loading scroll half way compared to the amount of rope used for scrolling, but it doubles the lifting force. Also here, as with the levers, there is the imbalance between force and distance, which in this case favors the jerk.

The number of wheels that has a pulley effect on the amplification of the lifting force. Theoretically, the gain is equal to the number of sections of rope that lifts the lower set of pulleys attached to the load. In practice, the force has to overcome friction in all pulleys and lift the weight of the lower pulleys in addition to the load. This reduces the amplification of force. PULLEYS

largest wheel has a circumference twice as large as the small wheel. Also, hard tour twice and half speed, but does so in the same direction.

GEAR

largest wheel has a double number of teeth and a circle twice as large as the small wheel. Rotates with twice the strength and half the speed in the opposite direction.

HOW THE GEAR AND PULLEY

The control gear and pulley have on the movement depends entirely on the size of the wheels that connected. In any pair of wheels, the more spins more slowly than the small, but does so with more force. The greater the difference in the size of two wheels, the greater the difference between speed and strength.

wheels connected by belts or chains work the same way that the gears. The only difference lies in the direction in which the wheels turn.

THE COUNTER

cranes and lifting equipment often rely counterweights to lift the burdens. The counterweight balances the weight of the load, so that the motor of the machine just move the load without support its weight. The counterweight can also stop the tilt of the machine as the load leaves the ground. According to the principle of levers, a powerful counterweight located near the fulcrum of a machine, like the crane, has the same effect as a counterweight lighter, located further from the fulcrum

FORKLIFT

The heavy counterweight that is located in the back of the truck helps to raise the load to prevent the forklift from tipping forward.

MOBILE CRANE

Once located, the crane arm uses hydraulic jacks to support and streamline suspension during the lifting effort. The telescopic boom with its pulley, you can turn on itself and spread, thanks to the counterweight of the base firmly attached.

CRANKS - ROD

rod-crank system used basically a handle, a support and a rod whose head is connected to the eccentric shaft of the crank (handle